4. Topic 4: Data Collection Techniques in Applied Research

Learning Objectives:

By the end of this topic, students will be able to:
✅ Understand different data collection methods used in applied research.
✅ Select the most appropriate data collection technique for their research.
✅ Design surveys, interviews, and observational studies.
✅ Ensure reliability, validity, and ethical considerations in data collection.

 

4.1 Introduction to Data Collection

  • Primary vs. Secondary Data
  • Importance of Data Accuracy and Reliability
  • Ethical Considerations in Data Collection (Informed Consent, Privacy, Bias)

Discussion Question:

Why is data integrity crucial in applied research? Share an example of a research study where poor data collection led to misleading results.

 

4.2 Primary Data Collection Methods

1.      Surveys & Questionnaires

    • Designing Effective Surveys (Open vs. Closed-Ended Questions)
    • Sampling Strategies (Random, Stratified, Convenience)
    • Common Survey Tools (Google Forms, Qualtrics, SurveyMonkey)

2.      Interviews & Focus Groups

    • Structured, Semi-Structured, and Unstructured Interviews
    • Conducting Focus Groups for Deep Insights
    • Transcription and Thematic Analysis

3.      Observational Research

    • Participant vs. Non-Participant Observation
    • Recording and Coding Observations
    • Real-World Applications (UX Research, Behavioral Studies)

Activity:

Create a short survey (5-10 questions) for a chosen research topic.

 

4.3 Secondary Data Collection

  • Using Existing Data Sources (Industry Reports, Government Databases, Research Journals)
  • Benefits and Limitations of Secondary Data
  • Data Cleaning and Preprocessing

Exercise:

Find and analyze an existing dataset relevant to your research topic.

 

4.4 Ensuring Reliability and Validity in Data Collection

  • Reliability: Ensuring Consistency in Results
  • Validity: Measuring What You Intend to Measure
  • Methods to Improve Reliability & Validity

Case Study:

Analyze a study where poor reliability or validity led to flawed conclusions.

Assessment & Activities for Topic 4

📌 Discussion Post: Compare primary and secondary data collection methods.
📌 Assignment: Design a data collection plan for a research project.
📌 Quiz: Testing knowledge on data collection methods, reliability, and validity.